1283

Events

Europe

• June 1 - The young Duke Rudolph II of Austria is forced to yield his claim on the Duchies of Austria and Styria to his elder brother, Albert I of Germany, under the Treaty of Rheinfelden.
• July 8 - At the naval Battle of Malta at Valletta, an Angevin fleet sent to help put down a rebellion on Malta is defeated by the fleet of Roger of Lauria.
• October 3 - Death by hanging, drawing and quartering is first used as a form of capital punishment (for the newly created crime of high treason) by King Edward I of England in his execution of Dafydd ap Gruffydd, the last ruler of an independent Wales, at Shrewsbury.
• Construction of Caernarfon castle, Conwy Castle, and Harlech Castle is begun in Wales by King Edward I of England as a system of defenses against possible future Welsh uprisings.
• King Philip III of France causes a mass migration of Jews when he outlaws their residence in the small villages and rural localities of France.
• The E. codex of the Cantigas de Santa Maria, a collection of Portuguese musical manuscripts, is dated to between 1280 and 1283.
• The Libro de los juegos, an early European treatise on board games (including chess, dice, and a version of backgammon), is commissioned by King Alfonso X of Castile between 1251 and 1283.
• Jakub Swinka becomes archbishop of Gniezno.

Asia

• King Ramkhamhaeng the Great of the Sukhothai kingdom creates the Thai alphabet, according to tradition.
• Kublai Khan\'s Mongol Empire invades the Khmer Empire of present-day Cambodia; King Jayavarman VIII decides to pay tribute rather than fight the invasion, buying peace and preserving the empire.
• Construction on the northern section of the Grand Canal of China is completed.
• The city of Guiyang is founded in China.
• An earthquake destroys two thirds of the cave city of Vardzia, Georgia.

Births

• Date uncertain - Margaret, the Maid of Norway (d. 1290)

Deaths

• January 9 - Wen Tianxiang, Chinese prime minister (executed; b. 1236)
• October 3 - Dafydd ap Gruffydd, Welsh Prince of Gwynedd (executed)
• Philip, Crown Prince of Constantinople, Persian poet (b. 1243)
• Piotr z Bogorii i Skotnik, Polish nobleman

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